Excessive itching is one of the most common — and frustrating — problems in veterinary medicine. While occasional scratching is normal, persistent or severe itching can signal an underlying medical condition that may require lifelong management.
Understanding the causes, diagnostic steps, and treatment options can help you bring your dog relief.
Causes of Itching in Dogs
Fleas
Historically, fleas were the most common cause of dog itching. Today, thanks to modern flea control products, this is less common — but still possible. Even if you don’t see fleas, they may still be present.
- Solution: Use veterinarian-approved flea preventives year-round.
Allergies
The most frequent cause of chronic itching is allergies. Dogs may be allergic to:
- Food ingredients (proteins or grains)
- Environmental triggers (pollen, grasses, mites, mold)
Treatments may start with antihistamines, steroids like prednisone, or medicated shampoos. If these don’t help, more advanced testing and therapies may be required.
Diagnostic Tests for Itchy Dogs
Veterinarians may recommend:
- Blood work (CBC, chemistry profile): To rule out systemic diseases such as endocrine disorders.
- Thyroid testing: To check for hypothyroidism.
- Skin scrapings and fungal cultures: To detect mites or ringworm.
These tests help eliminate other causes before focusing on allergies.
Diet Trials for Dog Skin Problems
If initial treatments don’t work, vets often recommend a diet trial lasting at least six weeks.
- Dogs are fed a novel protein and carbohydrate diet (e.g., duck and sweet potato).
- Only this food is allowed — no treats or table scraps.
- Dogs are often given medications like prednisone or antihistamines at the start to break the itch-scratch cycle.
Treating Infections in Itchy Dogs
Secondary skin infections are common in dogs with allergies. These may be caused by bacteria or yeast.
- Treatment: Antibiotics, antifungal medications, or medicated shampoos (up to six weeks).
- Without treating infections, itching will persist even if the allergen is controlled.
Allergy Testing for Dogs
If symptoms remain, allergy testing can identify specific triggers.
- Blood tests: Measure antigen levels to common allergens.
- Intradermal skin testing: Injections of allergens under the skin; performed by veterinary dermatologists.
Treatment: Hyposensitization (allergy shots) tailored to the dog’s specific allergies. These are lifelong but can significantly improve quality of life.
Immunosuppressive Drugs and Supplements
When allergies are severe:
- Cyclosporine: Suppresses immune reactions.
- Apoquel: Newer medication designed specifically for canine allergies with fewer side effects.
- Supplements: Fish oils and fatty acids can improve skin health. Herbal and nutritional remedies may also help — but always check with your vet first.
Veterinary Dermatologists
For severe or unresolved cases, referral to a veterinary dermatologist is the gold standard. These specialists can:
- Perform intradermal testing.
- Develop targeted treatment plans.
- Provide advanced therapies.
While some dogs may require lifelong management, many cases can be controlled so that pets live happy, comfortable lives.